On a cold January evening in 1958, an open cornfield near a quiet pond in Robeson County, North Carolina, became the unlikely stage for one of the most remarkable local acts of defiance against the Ku Klux Klan in American history. Known variously as the Battle of Hayes Pond, the Battle of Maxton Field or simply the Maxton Riot, this clash did not spring from any grandly orchestrated civil rights campaign but from a fiercely local resolve by the Lumbee people to defend their